Sexual Harassment Paper Essay Example for Free

Sexual Harassment Paper Essay Define sexual harassment as the term is used legally. â€Å"Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that tends to create a hostile or offensive work environment.† (sexual harassment. (n.d.) Wests Encyclopedia of American Law, edition 2. (2008). Sexual harassment comes in several different forms from words to touching to gestures something that is present from one person to another person sexually that is not wanted by the other person. This normally makes one person feel uncomfortable in the workplace causing an employee to not feel comfortable at work which all employees have the right to feel comfortable and safe in the workplace. Explain how sexual harassment differs from gender discrimination. Sexual harassment is the act of sexual advances from one person or group of people to another person or group of people whereas gender discrimination is when a person is not afforded the same opportunities as another solely based on the gender male or female. Gender discrimination is unlawful and protected under the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, â€Å"It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer -(1) to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual’s race, color, religion, sex, or national origin; or† (Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 SEC. 2000e-2. [Section 703]) Provide the legal definition of quid pro quo (also known as vicarious liability) sexual harassment. Provide one example of a behavior which could be found to be quid pro quo sexual harassment. According to The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, â€Å"EEOCs Guidelines define two kinds of sexual harassment: quid pro quo, in which submission to or rejection of [unwelcome sexual] conduct by an individual is used as the basis for employment decisions affecting such individual,( The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission N-915.048 1/12/90) An example of this would be when a person sexually harassment another employee but the employee that is  receiving the sexual harassment does not do anything about it when they allow this to happen where as another employee would not allow and this employee is then promoted to a better position due to allowing the sexual harassment to go on this person was granted special rewards for allowing the sexual harassment or even acting on the sexual harassment to be promoted, this can also work the opposite way as well say the employee that was sexually harassed file a complaint confronts the person doing the sexual harassment then this person is not promoted or given a raise that is due based on them not allowing the sexual harassment to continue. Provide the legal definition of hostile environment sexual harassment. Provide one example of a behavior which could be found to be hostile environment sexual harassment. The 2nd kind of sexual harassment defines by The U.S. Equal Employment Op portunity Commission is hostile environment, in which unwelcome sexual conduct unreasonably interfer[es] with an individuals job performance or creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive working environment. ,( The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission N-915.048 1/12/90) In the hostile environment the person receiving the sexual harassment feels they must allow this to continue and/or comply with the sexual requests all to keep the job they have and/or to continue to receive raises and promotions, even though the employee does not want to do this they have the feeling of pressure and fell they have no other options. List the factors which contribute to a determination of whether behavior is sexual harassment. 1.The victimized employee alleging sexual harassment must be a member of a protected class—that is, a man or a woman. 2.The complaint must be gender related—for example, a female must assert that there would have been no harassment if she were not a woman. 3.The employee must not have consented to the sexual advances or participated in the hostile work environment. 4.The harassment must be based on sex. 5.The conduct complained of must have had a deleterious effect on the employee’s job. 6.The harassment must have occurred during the scope of employment. (Moran 2011 pg 276.). The 1st factors is speaks to the person needs to be in a protected the class the protected classes are man and woman. The 2nd factor needs to show that gender played a factor had the person not been that gender then it would not of been sexual. The 3rd needs to show that the person receiving the ha rassment did not agree to the sexual harassment. The 4th needs to show  that the harassment is sexual in nature. The 5th needs to show that sexual harassment affected the insured job in some way. The 6th will need to show that sexual harassment took play while the insured was employed with the employer. Explain what situations are considered severe or pervasive and why these terms are important. â€Å"se†¢vere adjective \sÉ™-ˈvir\: very bad, serious, or unpleasant : causing a lot of physical pain or suffering : very harsh† (Severe. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster.com) â€Å"per†¢va†¢sive adjective \pÉ™r-ˈvÄ -siv, -ziv\ : existing in every part of something : spreading to all parts of something† (Pervasive. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster.com) Some situations that are considered severe and pervasive are touching, joking, commenting, distribution of sexual materials, (Moran 2011) when the items are not warranted and it is asked to stop†¦. Both of these terms are important together to make the determination if the situation meets the minimum to be determined as sexual harassment. Give the main legal reason why every company should have a valid written policy against sexual harassment (besides the fact it is the right thing to do.) The main legal reason is so that it is clearly spelled out in black and white for all employees to see so that at no point can anyone ever say they were not aware of the policy or the rules that guide this policy. The employer needs to put all the steps clearly stated as it rest for the employer to make all attempts that this does not happen. Case Analysis: I have chosen case BURLINGTON INDUSTRIES, INC. v. ELLERTH to discuss here. The facts: Kimberly Ellerth was an employee at Burlington Industries where she was employed for 15 months as a salesperson. Ted Slowik was a mid-level manager over Ellerth with authority to hire and promote with approval from high management. Ellerth alleges that Slowik subjected her to sexual harassment with repeated boorish and offensive remarks with remarks as threats towards less advancement. Ellerth had never reported any incidents prior to filing suit and did receive 1 promotion during her employment as Burlington. The issue: The issues are since it was never reported can Burlington be held liable for something they were not aware of and could Ellerth claim be categorized as quid pro quo harassment and should a claim he vicarious liability or negligence. The decision: It was determined that Ellerth has only a hostile work environment claim as the threats from Slowik were never carried out. An employer is negligent, and therefore subject to liability under  §219(2)(b), if it knew or should have known about sexual harassment and failed to stop it. Negligence sets a minimum standard for Title VII liability; but Ellerth seeks to invoke the more stringent standard of vicarious liability. Section 219(2)(d) makes an employer vicariously liable for sexual harassment by an employee who uses apparent authority (the apparent authority standard), or who was â€Å"aided in accomplishing the tort by the existence of the agency relation† (the aided in the agency relation standard). Given the Court’s explanation that the labels quid pro quo and hostile work environment are not controlling for employer-liability purposes, Ellerth should have an adequate opportunity on remand to prove she has a claim which would result in vicarious liability. Althou gh she has not alleged she suffered a tangible employment action at Slowik’s hands, which would deprive Burlington of the affirmative defense, this is not dispositive. In light of the Court’s decision, Burlington is still subject to vicarious liability for Slowik’s activity, but should have an opportunity to assert and prove the affirmative defense. I {agree or disagree} with the court’s decision because†¦ I agree with the court’s decision due to Ellerth not reporting the incidents. I also agree since no actions were taken by Slowik on the threats made but since I Slowik was n a position of management over others Burlinton does have some responsibility for placing this person in a position of authority. Appendix A good sexual harassment policy will include the following sections, and I have also explained why those sections should be included. A good sexual harassment policy should include the following Statement that shows the employer is trying to combat and prevent sexual harassment from happing in the work place. An explanation of sexual harassment, outline some issues, use explanations, try to paint a clear picture what is wrong. Outline the Employers Responsibilities under This Policy make it clear what the employer will due when this brought up including termination. Outline the steps/process to include mediation, grievances, EEO processes and who can be notified of this issue also list some people in upper management so an employee does not feel they have to tell local management if it involves local management. Demonstrate that it is the employee’s responsibility to reports these event even if they don’t involve them. Provide additional resources regarding sexual harassment and work to reiterate that all actions taken within this policy are confidential. References sexual harassment. (n.d.) Wests Encyclopedia of American Law, edition 2. (2008). Retrieved February 16 2014 from http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sexual+harassment Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Retrieved February 16 2014 from http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/titlevii.cfm The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission N-915.048 1/12/90) Retrieved February 6 2014 from http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/sexualfavor.html The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission N-915.048 1/12/90) Retrieved February 6 2014 from http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/sexualfavor.html Employment Law for DeVry University [VitalSouce bookshelf version]. Retrieved from http://devry.vitalsource.com/books/9781256431671/id/ch11lev1sec1 Severe. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved February 16, 2014, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/severe Pervasive. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved February 16, 2014, from http://www.merria m-webster.com/dictionary/pervasive

Jumping Off a Cliff Essays -- Personal Narrative, Essay About Myself

Jumping Off a Cliff As I inched my way toward the cliff, my legs were shaking uncontrollably. I could feel the coldness of the rock beneath my feet when my toes curled around the edge in one last futile attempt at survival. My heart was racing like a trapped bird, desperate to escape. Gazing down the sheer drop, I nearly fainted; my entire life flashed before my eyes. I could hear stones breaking free and fiercely tumbling down the hillside, plummeting into the dark abyss of the forbidding black water. The trees began to rapidly close in around me in a suffocating clench, and the piercing screams from my friends did little to ease the pain. The cool breeze felt like needles upon my bare skin, leaving a trail of goose bumps. The threatening mountains surrounding me seemed to grow more sinister with each passing moment, I felt myself fighting for air. The hot summer sun began to blacken while misty clouds loomed overhead. Trembling with anxiety, I shut my eyes, murmuring one last pathetic prayer. I gather ed my last breath, hoping it would last a lifetime, took a step back and plun...

Global Communication: Book Report

Book Report Global Communication (By: Yahya R. Kamalipour) Publisher: Thomson Wadsworth Year of Publication: 2007 Book Report Written By: Husain Ebrahim / Department of Mass Communication at Grambling State University. The author of the Global Communication book is Yahya Kamalipour a professor of mass communication and head of the department of communication and creative arts at Purdue University. His research interests are about topics related to global communications such as, international communications, globalization, new communication technologies, and media impact.In this book, the author collected researches that are related to the global communication topic from 14 different researcher, and developed this Global Communication book. According to Kamalipour that the international communications were there since the nations were funded and connection between people started. However, communication styles and tools are changing and improving. In addition, international communicati on did not cause any conflict between nations until it starts to influence cultures, change believes, and opinions.Furthermore, the writer discusses the global communication as a component of the term globalization that predicted by Marshall McLuhan in the 1960s. Although, there are several components for globalization: economic, politics, culture, social, and communication, but communication is the most notable aspect. Moreover, Kamalipour claims that global communication is still a growing field that fits under most of the humanity sciences as, mass communication, international relations, politics, economics, social science, managements, and public administrations.Further, the area of global communication is growing rapidly and needs to be investigated more because the significant role it plays in solving conflicts between nations. The book theme started discussing the definition of the globalization term to reach an agreement on the role of communication. After the author produce a historical view of global communication, and how it developed, added to the theories that supported the global communication.Next, the book emphasis the role that the economy played in changing the way of communicating, and the governmental regulations on the global communications. In addition, Kamalipour explained the changes that came with the emerge of new communication technologies, specifically the internet. Then the author moved to clarify the impact and the way that the communications changes others cultures through the information flow. Finally, the book addresses the impact and influence of the media on changing cultures specially politics by using propaganda or advertisement.Chapter 1: Following the Historical Path of Global Communication: Allen Plamer who mentioned the background of the global communication studies, and explained the different stages of improving the networks of global communication conducted this chapter. The author started this chapter by explaining the role of the geographical space on communication and how it used to be a barrier. Additionally, global communication started since the pharaonic civilization expanded its rule to reach south Europe, North and South Africa, and a part of Asia; hence, the geographical space was the reason of the need of global communication.Moreover, preaching and religious activities also increased need of communicating with other cultures. Later, the printing press and knowledge explosion era has solved an enormous problem that was facing the intercultural communicators, added to the new communication scientists who developed the international network in the 19th century. Chapter 2: Drawing a Bead on Global Communication Theories: Kamalipour has used the research that John Downing conducted in collecting the mass communication theories that contributed in explaining the global communication.Downing has just used the normative theories as an only example of theories for the global communication. A fter, the author briefly explains the differences between the authoritarian, libertarian theories and comparing the way that the soviets used to communicate globally as an example. Chapter 3: Global Economy and Global Telecommunications Networks: In this chapter, Harmeet Sawheny wrote the history of the relation between the global economy and global communication starting from the 13th century, or what he named as the pre-modern world when people used to trade spices and silk.In addition, in that era, there were imperialism, and many powerful nations in Asia and Europe were created in the same time. Hence, those nations used to communicate to influence and change cultures or to trade goods. According to Sawheny later in the 19th century, the modern world occurred, and it was known as the electronic imperialism era. To this end, the global media flow to through over the nations and issued several networks of telecommunications to find new markets.Chapter 4: The Transnational Media Co rporation and the Economics: Kamalipour adopted this chapter from a research was conducted by Richard Gershon a professor in the information management and telecommunications. Gershon in his research illuminates the reason of globalizing the media corporations, which he claims that the main reason is finding new market with a larger volume of audiences. Moreover, the new idea of free market trade also encouraged the media corporations to expand its distribution and go globally.For example, the transitional media corporations, which means one company, expand its production to different media content such as, magazine, press, cable T. V. , websites, books, and entertainments rather than just producing one media. Afterward, the writer suggests some elements that can help media corporations to develop strategies that would make the steps globalize their products easier and faster. Chapter 5: Global Communication Law: After discussing the economic role and its global trend, Kamalipour ad ded this chapter to explain the regulations of global communications.This part of the book was a part of a research that was accomplished by John Huffman, Denise Trauth, and Jan Samoriski. The researchers illustrated the differences between cultures, which would be a reason of a conflict between cultures. Therefore, laws and regulations were created to reduce the conflict between cultures, and to increase the level of respect to other cultures in the media content. Furthermore, authors’ argument was that because of the cultural differences it is hard to accept a law that all global media would accept.Additionally, they studied the new history of global media laws such as, the role of freedom of expression, the right of silence, and the way of censorships and limitations. In fact, they wrote about examples of media censorships and limitations in the United States and other parts of the world. Finally, the chapter ended with mentioning the role of new communication technologies in changing the global communication laws, and the internet was their example.Chapter 6: Global News and Information Flow in the Internet Age: The author of this chapter was Kuldip Rampal who started the chapter by citing the history of media agencies and the role it played in the global information flow. After, Rampal mentioned the current role of those major news agencies in the information age that we are living in today. Further, Rampal named explained how do major news agencies such as, France Press, Associated Press, ITAR-TASS and Interfax, Reuters, and United Press serve all media in the globe. Chapter 7: International Broadcasting:Afterward Kamalipour presented Joseph Straubhaar and Douglas Boyd research about international broadcasting. This chapter studied the reason that encouraged the media to broadcast and distribute in the global market. In addition, authors lighted some main events that raised the need of global communications such as, wars between nations, economics , politics, propaganda, and religious. As an example of international broadcasting, the authors named: Voice of America, BBC, Arab-American Oil Company, U. S. Military, CNN, Orbit, and Sky News.Finally the authors studied the history of propaganda, and they argument was that propaganda was the main factor of international broadcasting. Chapter 8: The Global Implication of the Internet: Challenges and Prospects: George Barnett and Devan Rosen in this chapter studied the internet and its role in human civilization. First, chapter starts by claiming that the reason of the great success of the internet is the two-way of communication that it features. Second, the social network was given as an example of the internet success.Lastly, authors illustrated internet through showing the structure of its networks, and the technical idea of building networks. Chapter 9: Milestone in Communication and National Development: In this chapter, Vibert Cambridge discusses the idea and the need of deve loping communications abilities for all societies, his argument is the gap of media power between cultures could cause a conflict. Moreover, he started explaining his point of view through using the example of using the media as a powerful weapon in World War II.Further, Cambridge stated some examples of efforts that have been made to develop communication abilities in number of countries: USA, Turkmenistan, Eritrea, and the Caribbean Community. Additionally, he encourages the UNICEF efforts of helping some countries to develop their communication abilities. Finally, to develop communication abilities, the author suggested some strategies: public awareness campaigns, social marketing, entertainment education, and advocacy. Chapter 10: The Politics of Global Communication:The politics of global communication was adopted from a research was done by Cees Hamelink, who wrote the history politic global communication that started in the 19th century. Next, the author addresses the current practices of politics in global communications by giving some examples of financial issues, property rights, and mass media ownership. Chapter 11: Global Communication and Propaganda: Kamalipour retrieved the relationship between propaganda and the global communication from Richard Vincent research, who marked the origins of propaganda in the 17th century.After, the author discussed the propaganda definition and its connections with public relations and public diplomacy. Moreover, the chapter provides readers with some example of propaganda in war times. In addition, the Vincent mentioned the strategies of propaganda campaigns, which are labeling the idea, associating the issue or image with a noble term, image transfer, persuading the audience that their idea should be the same as others, and using facts to convince others. Lastly, the author discussed the use of propaganda in terrorism as an example.Chapter 12: Global Advertising and Public Relations: Later Kamalipour, used Dean Kruckeberg and Marina Vujnovic article as a source for this chapter of his book. Researchers start point in this chapter was their agreement of the role of public relations in reducing the gap between the organization and its public. Hence, they briefly discussed the history of public relations and its western origins. Moreover, authors discussed the culture differences that influence the public relations practices and advertisements.For instance, dealing with democratic culture societies is easier than authoritarian societies. In addition, the chapter covers the part culture features that cause changes in the global advertising and public relations such as, environmental challenges, population growth, poverty and hunger, and wars. Further, authors briefly discussed those differences and the role of information gap between among the first, second, and third worlds. Chapter 13: Communication and Culture: Christine Ogan in this chapter define the culture as a group of people who share the same understanding of life.However, culture used to change slowly, but in the recent global communication era, it is much easier to make significant cultural changes in a society. In fact, the author blames the western culture to be the most influential culture in the world because the strength of their media. Additionally, there are some cultures that adopt the change easily, and others resist the change. Moreover, global communication contributed in finding the term of stereotype; for example, the world view of America as a pop culture.Chapter 14: Patterns in Global Communication: Prospects and Concerns: Finally, Kamalipour conclude his Global Communication book with a chapter that was written by Leo Gher. This chapter includes examples of current global communication industry that are used around the world such as, the global satellite system, and global internet services. Additionally, Gher points that some of the concerns of global communications are the privacy and inform ation conflict, and trend of having one large culture in the world with vanishing other cultures.Global Communication is the second edition of the book; therefore, it has been enhanced and added some updates about some significant events such as, the role of 9/11 terrorist attacks on international communication, internet and its global impact on communications, and suggested readings in that area. Even though, the book was loaded with a broad contents and issues of global communications that were written in about 355 pages, it was well organized under 14 chapters.Moreover, reader can touch the high skill writing abilities that Kamalipour has, from the way that the book content flows between the topics, and the basic English that he used to help all readers to understand and enjoy the content. Further, chapters were divided separately so the reader can easily reach the information that he is looking for without the need of looking in the exact orders of chapters. According to Kamalip our, the intended audiences of this book are researchers, journalists, international agencies, enterprises, and students.However, my criticism about the book is that it has so many repeated parts of chapters; for example, propaganda that was discussed in two different chapters added, to the repetition of same ideas about the cultural impact and change in many chapters. Therefore, I think the book serves the audiences who are looking for a part of the content, but not for students who will read and study all over the book. References Kamalipour, Y. (2007). Global communication. (2nd ed. ). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.

Maths 2012 Paper - 1470 Words

Write your name here Surname Other names Centre Number Candidate Number Edexcel GCSE Mathematics A Paper 2 (Calculator) Higher Tier Thursday 8 November 2012 – Afternoon Time: 1 hour 45 minutes Paper Reference 1MA0/2H You must have: Ruler graduated in centimetres and millimetres, protractor, pair of compasses, pen, HB pencil, eraser, calculator. Tracing paper may be used. Total Marks Instructions Use black ink or ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name, centre number and candidate number. Answer all questions. Answer the questions in the spaces provided – there may be more space than you need. Calculators may be used. If your calculator does not have a ÊÅ' button,†¦show more content†¦........................................................................................... (2) (b) –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x Write down the inequality shown in the diagram. .............................................. (2) (c) Solve 3y – 2 5 .............................................. (2) (Total for Question 8 is 6 marks) 10 *P40675A01028* 9 The stem and leaf diagram gives information about the numbers of tomatoes on 31 tomato plants. 0 8 8 9 1 1 1 5 5 2 1 2 2 6 7 8 3 0 2 5 5 7 9 4 2 2 3 5 8 8 5 1 1 3 4 7 8 Key: 5 | 7 = 57 tomatoes (a) Work out the median. .............................................. (1) (b) Work out the interquartile range. .............................................. (2) (Total for Question 9 is 3 marks) *P40675A01128* 11 Turn over *10 In the UK, petrol cost  £1.24 per litre. In the USA, petrol cost 3.15 dollars per US gallon. 1 US gallon = 3.79 litres  £1 = 1.47 dollars Was petrol cheaper in the UK or in the USA? (Total for Question 10 is 4 marks) 12 *P40675A01228* 11 The diagram shows a cube and a cuboid. Diagram NOT accurately drawn x 2 x x x 5 All the measurements are in cm. The volume of the cube is 100 cm3 more than the volume of the cuboid. 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