Markets Marketing And Strategy

Question: Select an organization from the car area (for example Portage, Peugeot, Toyota, and so forth.) and afterward explore and compose a report that tends to every one of the accompanying elements:a) Analysis of the business and business environment.b) Assessment of the companys resources and resources.c) Segmentation inside the segment and the segment(s) directed by your picked company.d) A conversation of how, if by any stretch of the imagination, a comprehension of these three components is identified with the businesss execution. Answer: Presentation Puma has been a main vehicle maker in the mid/very good quality games vehicles and SUVs. In the wake of downturn in the past successive years, the organization has seen an immense change all in all execution since obtainment by Tata Group, starting late taking an advantage in plenitude of 1.5bn in Fy'12. It defies competition from German firms, for instance, BMW and Mercedes Benz, who work in a relative fragment, both accomplishing 285% of JLR's unit bargains in the previous scarcely any years. Puma Cars, built up in 1922, is one of the world's chief creators of excess basr and sports vehicles, for instance, their latest auto: the F-Type bargain mid-2013. Hustling varieties of most models are available, for example XKR-S, allowing access to the worthwhile execution auto showcase with an arrangement esteem of79,995 depending upon structure (Jaguar 2012). SWOT Analysis of Jaguar Qualities Goodbye Motors' takeover offer has upheld hypothesis potential; 1.5bn. Effective new items for example Range Rover Evoque that has been one of its greatest grosser. Railhead terminal has expanded appropriation potential (Jaguar 2012). Shortcomings A large portion of the execution per worker of BMW because of trades association sway. Lost past proprietors (ford's) applicable involvement with the segment in the wake of acquiring. Openings Quick advancement of BRIC economies, for instance, China; at least 7% veritable yearly GDP improvement since 1999. the purchasers getting all the more ecologically cognizant, credit of 340m made sure about to coordinate RD. Shortcoming in the cash bolsters JLR sends out, drives income increment of 37% from fy'11-'12. Dangers Few eco-pleasing contributions implies climbing fuel costs may horribly impact JLR deals. Amazing trade association impact in the UK has relatively more noteworthy impact on JLR capability to contenders. Outside association may debilitate brand picture and prevent UK customers (Kpmg 2013). Industry and Business condition With everything taken into account, vehicles made by Jaguar fall into the indulgence bar/sports auto or excess SUV classes. Different vehicle makers battle for all intents and purposes clearly with Jaguar in these parts, the greatest. These figures address the overall oligopolistic business; there are various region specific assortments (Kpmg 2013). For example, in the United States, Chrysler has filled in as a fundamental contender to Jaguar, with 43,000 units sold differentiated and Jaguar's 5,000 for as long as two years. The overall vehicle industry is at risk to an extent of factors that are expanding multifaceted nature and affecting the monetary options available to car creators (Unescap 2007). The most extreme portion of these components partners with one another and have solid interdependencies. In any case, a portion of these factors are business part provoked and, subsequently, can't be affected direct by the vehicle producers. Globalization, regionalization and business joining - Due to the effects of advancement the national markets are dynamically globalized. This offers OEMs the chance to develop to new markets, moreover grows the danger of new members or extended contention in regular markets. Take these examples, European OEMs right presently go up against an intense arrangement threatening by Hyundai. The contrary piece of globalization is confinement, which suggests that close by tastes and client tendency must be considered by associations. Institutionalized world auto as cutting edge by Ford a few years earlier would not prevail in the present reality (Unescap 2007). A substitute issue for any OEM is business area association due to digitalization of practically all things and worth incorporate structures. Accessible side, the extended invasion of things with modernized building prompts new vertical and level associations between various assortments of associations thusly dynamically discarding st andard industry limits. This unavoidably raises the issue for an association in the matter of who is an assistant and who is an adversary in the association's field of the business (Jaguar land wanderer 2012). Progressively expanded client complete instances of lead - Consumers most likely won't recognize regulated things, anyway need things that satisfy the individual necessities. Target gathers thusly should be cut back by organizations so customers will be pulled in by the things ad. Then again, because of the extended overall contention with a more grounded focus on cost and not on brand loyalty, purchasers all things considered don't repay associations for the more individualized things (Jaguar land meanderer 2012). Panthers Assets and Resources Panthers LAND ROVER is UK's greatest premium auto delivering business, manufactured around two outstanding British auto brands: Land Rover, the world's driving producer of premium all-wheel-drive vehicles, and Jaguar, one of the world's central indulgence sports bar and sports auto marques. The greater part of the vehicles are assembled and arranged in Britain remembering they have hopeful game plans for overall turn of events, the point of convergence of the business remains in UK. The organization has placed billions of pounds in the state of-the-craftsmanship age, inventive work workplaces. As a matter of fact, Jaguar is the best UK examiner in RD in the gathering zone and is in the overall fundamental 100 for Rd use. This hypothesis, alongside the advancing sponsorship of the local gatherings and bolster help the adolescents search for livelihoods in vehicle structuring (Export 2010). A couple of year prior Jaguar sold around 425,000 vehicles of Land Rover in excess of 170 countries - up around 19% from the previous year. This has made Land Rover probably the greatest exporter by quality in UK, with around 80% of the vehicles created in UK being sold abroad. The tasks of Land Rover in UK happen at five areas, with three vehicle collecting plan. Two in Solihull and West Midlands at Castle Bromwich, one close Liverpool in Halewood - and other two impelled blueprint and building centers at Whitley and Gaydon in Midlands. It is from these five districts that Jaguar Land Rover right currently conveys the extent of vehicles that proposal more than 170 countries (Export 2010). The association is altogether developing its UK workplaces with another 500m Engine Manufacturing Center close Wolverhampton, while far reaching scale overall turn of events and adventure will see the improvement of further collecting plants in Brazil and China by 2015 and past. Panther Land Rover is furthermore routinely placing assets into its present UK workplaces. The organization continued with an expansion visit for districts that has realized a noteworthy augmentation in employments in late years. The association's general workforce is ordinary to develop by for all intents and purposes 11% in the midst of the monetary year 2013-14 to around 29,000 individuals (Land wanderer 2009). The HR vision and strategy is carefully made to help long stretch business destinations. As the organization's security Commitment communicates: 'our most unmistakable asset is our kinfolk, nothing is more basic than the prosperity'. Solid foundations have been laid for the general public concentrated on advancement, cooperation and quality. Panther's Land Rover is set out to proportionate chances, consideration and progressing grouped characteristics, with zero obstruction of an isolation. Upgrading the sex leveling is a need at Jaguar land Rover, which offers a progression program for wome n and works the tolerably regarded Engineering system for Women, presently in its twelfth year, and the ladies in advancement Sponsorship Scheme for female students charmed by building callings (Defra 2011). The association was regarded the 'Two Ticks' picture in recognition of its exercises to use, keep and make the limits of disabled staff. Varying characteristics Councils compass the affiliation, breathing life into game plan, and best practice is seen at the yearly Diversity + Inclusion Awards event, presently enters its eighth year. Division of vehicles of the organization The vehicle portions can be isolated into A, B, C and D fragment: Little Cars in portion A Lower Mid estimated vehicles in fragment B Upper fair sized vehicles in Segment C Premium extravagance vehicles in portion D Sports Utility Vehicles in portion E Multipurpose vehicles in portion F Upper D partition is the lavishness auto area and the prize extent of these cars will be more than 25 lakhs. Puma Land Rover goes under the upper D fragment. Buyers getting a charge out of towards these cars are a consequence of its execution, torque, wonderful, enthusiastic and status (IBM 2010). A level of the buyers are intrigued about the country of beginning stage of the brand. Most luxury automobiles hold their marquees as a lead. To overhaul the brand's vitality, most lavishness auto marquees have broadened their picture upward into another segment. A valid example Land Rover has stretched out into a segment called upper games utility vehicle. Most present holders of indulgence cars tend to have gained an auto once in the past; the customer has potentially made an aura towards it. Here a disposition transforms into a surveying judgment (want or not yearning) in view of prior or present understanding, for instance, past satisfaction from vendors or things and organizations (aft er arrangements and guarantee), driving information and financial status of customers (Capegemini 2004). The indulgence cars should be a bit of its chief's life. It needs to give its h

Organizational Behavior & People Managementâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About the Organizational Behavior People Management? Answer: Introducation The experience developed the requirement for cooperation and the part of responsibility for every individual from the group. Components like straightforwardness and common trust in all the operational regions a group was to participate in, were significant exercises to improve in for a progressive undertaking finish. There was additionally the need to perceive and gain proficiency with one another, which would give a foundation of understandability in bunch works, this end up being one of the driving components of compelling and productive group objective fulfillment. The S.M.A.R.T rules were another exercise that one would identify with the group building viewpoint. The brilliant standards cited factor like time, accomplishments, quantifiable, assets and determination of the goals. They all consider an intelligent stage as without this standards it the group, the collaboration will undoubtedly fall flat with a high likelihood (Noe, et al. (2006). Partner the executives and how it identify with the expert experience. The exercise opened up the requirement for groups to comprehend the partner need, how to convey, and what impacts their dynamic. This goes about as a rule for the gathering's destinations and serves to procedures the best needs in order to get positive input from the examining of their exercises by the partner. Just as to accomplish the characterized destinations, the exercise accentuated generally on the significance of legitimate and effective correspondence (Tarhini, et al. (2015). With a great deal of accentuation on the criticism, as it would make a stage for the following system to take for the postponed destinations. With an away from of the better the criticism, the more noteworthy the vocation development that one has. Reference Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B., Wright, P. M. (2006). Human Resource Management: Gaining an upper hand. Tarhini, An., Ammar, H., Tarhini, T. (2015). Investigation of the basic achievement factors for big business asset arranging execution from partners point of view: A methodical audit. Worldwide Business Research, 8(4), 25.

The Best Ways to Make Money from Gambling Online ?

The Best Ways to Make Money from Gambling Online ? Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!The Best Ways to Make Money from Gambling Online ?Updated On 25/02/2020Author : Ram kumarTopic : Make MoneyShort URL : https://hbb.me/2PlaudT CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogMost people believe that gambling online is a waste of time and money. They do have a point because the vast majority of the players lose cash in the long run and don’t know what they are doing.However, there is a small percentage of people who actually beat the system and register profits over time. It’s not easy to achieve and it takes patience, but it’s possible to make money gambling online.Here are the best ways to do that.Learn Online PokerOne of the best options to profit from online gambling is to play poker. Unlike casino games such as roulette, blackjack, and slots where you play against the house, you face other players in poker. The platform simply collects a fixed fee that depen ds on the format you pick.The point is, your opponents don’t have a predetermined mathematical advantage. They make mistakes and if you are a good player, you can take advantage and make money in the long run.It takes time to master the game, but you can start without spending a dime. Some poker sites run tournaments that are completely free to enter and offer real prizes. They are called freerolls and you can build a bankroll by playing them. At the same time, make sure to read about the game and develop your skills further. Once you have enough money in your account, you can hit the low limits and start from there.The road to success is long but if you get there, you can make a lot of money. It’s important to remember that there’s a lot of variance in poker, so you need to apply proper bankroll management.Bet on SportsThe other type of online gambling that has produced proven winners is sports betting. The reasons why you can make money vary greatly, but the most important a mong them is related to the way the bookmakers compile their odds.READSimple Ways Any Creative Person Can Earn A Living From The InternetThey use complicated algorithms and formulas like the Poisson distribution that allow them to get the prices right and then apply a small margin.It’s close to impossible to fight them at this point, but that’s when another factor steps in. Each sportsbook moves the odds based on the expected bets placed by the users and once the money starts pouring in, the prices keep moving up and down.Since the mass bettor doesn’t know much and just follows the hype, you can often find valuable opportunities. The prepared players actually make a lot of money in the long run.It’s not easy, of course, but hard work and deep understanding of the sports and leagues you decide to follow can pay off handsomely after a while.Exploit Bonuses and PromotionsThe competition for customers between the different gambling operators online is fierce. One of the most com mon ways to attract users and keep them is by offering different promotions.Each new player can enjoy large first deposit bonuses for poker, bingo, casino games, and other products. Even when you’re done with them, there are various ways to earn more money.If you are smart and exploit the promotions of the gambling operators in the best way possible, you can actually eliminate their advantage and make money in the long run.ConclusionThis post alone won’t make you an instant winner in online gambling. It’s designed to show you the best ways to make money, the rest is up to you. You need to put the necessary time and effort to reach a level of competence that will return profits.

Mandarin Chinese Names of North American Cities

Mandarin Chinese has a relatively limited stock of phonetics compared with other languages. When it comes to translating Western geographical names into Chinese characters, a close phonetic match is attempted. Consideration must also be given to the meaning of the chosen Chinese characters. Most geographical names are chosen as phonetic approximations of the Western names, but a few place names are descriptive. San Francisco, for example, is Jià ¹ JÄ «n ShÄ n, which translates as â€Å"Old Gold Mountain,† reminding us of the California gold rush. Most Mandarin Chinese geographical names sound strange to Western ears. This is because there is usually not an exact phonetic equivalent to the sounds of the English names. North American Cities Click on the links to hear the audio. English Name Chinese Characters Pinyin New York ç ´ Ã§ ´â€ž niÇ” yuÄ“ Boston æ ³ ¢Ã¥ £ «Ã©  â€œ bÃ…  shà ¬ dà ¹n Montreal è’™ç‰ ¹Ã¥ ©  mà ©ng tà ¨ là ³u Vancouver æ º «Ã¥â€œ ¥Ã¨  ¯ wÄ“n gÄ“ huà ¡ Toronto Ã¥ ¤Å¡Ã¥â‚¬ «Ã¥ ¤Å¡ duÃ…  là ºn duÃ…  Los Angeles æ ´â€ºÃ¦ â€°Ã§ £ ¯ luà ² shÄ n jÄ « San Francisco 舊金å ± ± jià ¹ jÄ «n shÄ n Chicago èŠ Ã¥Å   Ã¥â€œ ¥ zhÄ « jiÄ  gÄ“ Seattle è ¥ ¿Ã©â€ºâ€¦Ã¥Å"â€" xÄ « yÇŽ tà º Miami é‚ Ã©Ëœ ¿Ã¥ ¯â€  mà  i Ä  mà ¬ Houston ä ¼â€˜Ã¦â€" ¯Ã©  â€œ xiÃ… « sÄ « dà ¹n Portland æ ³ ¢Ã§â€° ¹Ã¨Ëœ ­ bÃ…  tà ¨ là ¡n Washington è  ¯Ã§â€ºâ€ºÃ©  â€œ huà ¡ shà ¨ng dà ¹n New Orleans ç ´ Ã¥ ¥ §Ã¨â€° ¯ niÇ” à  o lià ¡ng Philadelphia è ² »Ã¥Å¸Å½ fà ¨i chà ©ng Detroit Ã¥ ºâ€¢Ã§â€° ¹Ã¥ ¾â€¹ dÇ  tà ¨ lÇÅ" Dallas é â€Ã¦â€¹â€°Ã¦â€" ¯ dà ¡ lÄ  sÄ « Atlanta ä ºÅ¾Ã§â€° ¹Ã¨Ëœ ­Ã¥ ¤ § yà   tà ¨ là ¡n dà   San Diego è â€"Ã¥Å" °Ã§â€°â„¢Ã¥â€œ ¥ shà ¨ng dià © yà ¡ gÄ“ Las Vegas 拉æâ€" ¯Ã§ ¶ ­Ã¥Å   Ã¦â€" ¯ lÄ  sÄ « wà ©i jiÄ  sÄ «

Gender Stereotyping And Gender Stereotypes - 1504 Words

When thinking about the â€Å"perfect man† adjectives like muscular, tall, and tough come to mind while when thinking about the â€Å"perfect woman† those adjectives tend to be more on soft, shy and pretty side of the spectrum. These associations are known as gender stereotypes. The textbook definition of gender stereotyping follows the ideal of overgeneralizing characteristics and attributes of a person solely based on the gender of the person without viewing them as an individual (Nobullying.com). From the moment new parents find out the sex of their child, gender stereotyping beings. Typically, most little girls are dressed up in pink frilly outfits with nurseries decked out in soft pinks and delicate patterns while boys have the blue nurseries†¦show more content†¦It is to what degree this is taken when the differences between cultures are made visible, in some countries, women are seen strictly as caregivers who have no opportunity to get a job or make a n ame for themselves because this role is left specifically for the men. While in other places around the world, these ideas are changing, women are becoming just as much a part of the workforce and society as men. Like many other countries’, the United States’ gender roles have shifted greatly over the decades as family and professional roles have become more equal. Up until the 1980’s men were the primary breadwinner and disciplinary figures in the family while the women were the caregivers who stayed at home and kept the house. As time went on, women began receiving higher education and even began working more outside of typical â€Å"women’s jobs† such as secretaries, teachers and nurses. Today, men and women are fairly equal when it comes to work and receiving education, according to a Time article, studies even show that women are more likely to obtain a college degree than men (Feeney). It is also being more and more common to see women in hig h authority positions and holding public office, some have even embarked on the path to be elected the leader of our country. These steps are huge strides for women, not only in the race for equality, but in abolishing some of the most common genderShow MoreRelatedGender Stereotyping And Gender Stereotypes848 Words   |  4 PagesGender stereotyping is one of the most controversial topics in the field of education. Professionals are constantly trying to find efficient and effective ways to monitor not only teachers and administrators, but the students as well, to be sure that gender stereotyping and gender biases are kept to the minimum within the school environment. With the goal of neither gender biases nor gender stereotyping in the school system, higher educational professionals constantly seek and research to find waysRead MoreGender Stereotyping : The Development Of Gender Stereotypes1565 Words   |  7 PagesVery few people understand the development of gender stereotyping and how it impacts the younger generation. Gender stereotypes are social expectations of how female and males should act. They are cultural interpretation about how females should be characterized as feminine and like pink, and how boys are stereotyped to be masculine and like the color blue. However, these stereotypes are not natural because they are socially constructed. Social construction is an idea or practice that a group ofRead MoreMedia And Stereotyping On Gender Stereotypes1395 Words   |  6 Pagesportrayals of women in these ads were never seen by any of the informants as sexist or inappropriate, contrary to the researcher s own introspection. Dominant Culture Stereotyping on Pinterest | Gender Stereotypes ... It was about time someone addressed the phrase â€Å"like a girl†. It’s full of negativity and perpetuates the stereotype that the way women do things is inferior to the way men do them. So, hold high the foam finger of feminism for this advert that was screened in the Super Bowl, for tacklingRead More A Tale of Two Cities - Breaking Gender Stereotypes and Stereotyping854 Words   |  4 Pages nbsp;Breaking Gender Stereotypes in A Tale of Two Cities nbsp; The men and the women of A Tale of Two Cites are violent, loving, cowardly, brave, and ruthless.nbsp; Some people are weak and spoiled, while others are badly treated and vindictive.nbsp; Many contrasts between men and women can be found within this story.nbsp;nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; A Tale of Two Cities clearly portrays very distinct divisions in the behavior of men.nbsp; The aristocrats, or upperclassmenRead More We Must Put an End to Gender-related Stereotypes and Stereotyping1629 Words   |  7 PagesWe Must Put an End to Gender-related Stereotypes I have heard it said many times and by many women, I wish that I were a man. Men have it so easy. . . It is a statement which stems from the fear and anger that comes from so many years of oppression and abuse; a statement which stems from the pressure to meet the present impossible standards of beauty and bodily perfection. At times it seems to be an understandable statement to make. Admittedly, I have found myself wishing that very absurdityRead MoreStereotyping : Stereotypes And Stereotyping1494 Words   |  6 PagesStereotyping In Education Stereotyping is when you treat people unfairly just because they have characteristics of a certain group (Merriam Webster Dictionary). In education stereotyping is something you come in touch with every single day, it is so common we don’t even know it is happening. In everyday life Stereotypes are used, they are directed towards ethnicity, gender, and education. â€Å"In ethnicity, we have the ideas that each race is a certain way† (Aronson. The impact of stereotypes). HereRead MoreThe Role Of Gender And Stereotyping Of The Sexes Essay972 Words   |  4 PagesIn this paper I will discuss how the role of gender and the stereotypes of the sexes relate. I will also discuss the child’s perception of their male and female superiors and in the way they carry out their own behavior in regards to what has been introduced to them. In this paper I want to also expand on the basic stereotypes that we as individuals portray toward a gender. Gender and stereotyping is among a broad spectrum. There is an expansive amount of content, but the concept still remains theRead MoreMovie Analysis : The Four Young Boys 1520 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican society, gender stereotypes and the topic of stereotypes remain a central focus of art and indivi dual discussion. Rob Reiner addresses stereotypes in Reiner’s film Stand by Me when he sheds light on multiple stereotypes in society. Throughout the film, Gordon, Chris, Vern, and Teddy, the main characters in the movie, frequently describe each other with derogatory terms, which characterize stereotypes in American culture. In Reiner’s movie, the four young boys follow the stereotypes that societyRead MoreThe Influence Of Gender Roles1404 Words   |  6 Pages The Influence of Gender Role Stereotyping Shawn Berkley Santa Fe College Abstract Study on gender role stereotypes has shown that there are several negative effects of stereotyping. The study on how gender role stereotyping effects children is not as prevalent because most believe that it doesn’t matter, since children are just forming their stereotype so children do not care. However, some psychologists have done some research on it, and from their researchRead More Gender Differences and Gender Stereotypes from a Psychological Perspective1085 Words   |  5 PagesGender Differences and Gender Stereotypes from a Psychological Perspective Gender Differences and Gender Stereotypes Gender differences and gender stereotypes are fascinating in that one must sift through the theories, assumptions and inevitable confusion to distinguish the reality from the assumption. Men and women are obviously different, especially inherently, but how? And why? And which differences are more individualized than generalized? Even more interesting is to observe how the

Analysis on The Destructors by Graham Greene - 820 Words

The Destructors written by Graham Greene as a third person view. The story set in London nine years after the end of World War II. People survived from The Blitz. The Blitz was Nazi Germanys sustained aerial bombing campaign against Britain in World War Two.(The Blitz) Everything was in chaos, people lost their home, slept in the underground station and lost their hope for the future. The story is about a group of teenage boys who formed a gang and call themselves as the Wormsley Common Gang. They have a meeting every morning in an impromptu car-park. It is the site of last bomb of the first blitz( Greene,55). Although almost everything in this area is destroyed, there is only one house remain with limited damage. It is owned†¦show more content†¦There would be headlines in the papers.(Greene,58) They believed what they have done are great things, it will make people recognized them and give them fame. I think it is an example of man vs. society. The youth believe they are the underdogs of this society, no one cares about them, they want people to recognize them that they can do something that is significant. Just as The Blitz destroy the whole street, they can destroyed Mr. Thomas house which is the only one survived from The Blitz. Trevor, is the protagonist of the story, there are many conflict that happens in the story where Trevor have conflict with other as a man against man conflict. First of all, he has conflict with Blackie, the old gang leader. Blackies plan was to take free ride from Paris. But Trevor is planning to break in Mr. Thomas house and destroy the house from inside just like worms in an apple. When the gangs vote which plan is better, Blackie know that it was the end of his leadership. Trevors idea are better and more fun for the youth gang that they have never done things like this before. Although Blackie wants to leave because he just lost the leadership, he wants to share this potential fame with the gang together. The other major conflict is between Trevor and Mr. Thomas. Mr. Thomas first showed his house to Trevor, but Trevor betrayed him and lead the gang to breakShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Destructors By Graham Greene954 Words   |  4 Pagesremarked during the later parts of his life. Even Picasso’s genius creative mind knew the potential that destruction has in terms of life; an untapped force of creation and desire awaiting to be fulfilled. In the legendary short story â€Å"The Destructors† by Graham Greene, protagonist Trevor is an intelligent fifteen year old boy who joins a children’s gang in the wake of the Second World War Seemingly set back in life by the horror of the war, Trevor cannot find himself without a certain pain festeringRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Destructors By Graham Greene945 Words   |  4 Pagesreaders to the end is the reason why they picked a story that is more commercial fiction or literary fiction. Commercial fiction drives readers away from the real world, while literary fiction deepens the reader’s awareness of life. â€Å"The Destructors† by Graham Greene is a short story that stresses the tension between social classes following the aftermath of World War II. This realistic fiction grasps historical context to reveal the purpose of the destruction of a house. The Wormsley Common Gang’sRead MoreA Critical Analysis of The Rocking-Horse Winner and The Destructors1240 Words   |  5 PagesA Critical Analysis of The Rocking-Horse Winner by D.H. Lawrence and The Destructors by Graham Greene In both stories, The Rocking-Horse Winner by D.H. Lawrence and The Destructors by Graham Greene we see the common theme of wanting to be envied by others because of what we have or can do. The need to do better, have prestige and more power than anyone else is a very common human conflict that is dealt with on all levels of humanity. The emotional environment that man growsRead MoreStory Analysis: the Destructors Essay examples789 Words   |  4 PagesThe Destructors Short Story Analysis This short story written by Graham Greene depicts a group of teenage boys, who call themselves the Wormsley Common Gang, after an area where they lived in. The story takes place in Post-World War II. England, almost everything in their part of town is destroyed, with the exception one house that stands with minimal damage. The house is owned by Mr. Thomas (or Old Misery) an old man who lives there alone. The boys do not trust Mr. Thomas, despite his charitable

Marketing-Pricing Cases free essay sample

Pricing Course Module in Marketing Management Course Modules help instructors select and sequence material for use as part of a course. Each module represents the thinking of subject matter experts about the best materials to assign and how to organize them to facilitate learning. Each module recommends four to six items. Whenever possible at least one alternative item for each main recommendation is included, as well as suggested supplemental readings that may provide a broader conceptual context. Cases form the core of many modules but we also include readings from Harvard Business Review, background notes, and other course materials. I. Overview of suggested content (HBS cases unless otherwise noted) Title 1. Module Overview Principles of Pricing (HBS note) and Colonial Homes Supplement: Marketing Analysis Toolkit: Pricing and Profitability Analysis (HBS note) 2. Behavioral Pricing Note on Behavioral Pricing (HBS note) and Tweeter etc. Alternative: Coca-Colas New Vending Machine (A): Pricing to Capture Value, or Not? 3. Value-Based Pricing Atlantic Computer: A Bundle of Pricing Options (HBP Brief case) Alternative: Curled Metal Inc. -Engineered Products Division 4. Pricing Structure Virgin Mobile USA: Pricing for the Very First Time Alternative: XM Satellite Radio (A) American Airlines, Inc. : Revenue Management Dolan Gourville Bell Nashem Steenburgh Avery 506021 190008 511028 2005 1989 2010 10p 8p 8p Author Product Number Publication Year Pages Teaching Note Gourville Gourville Wu King Naraynadas 599114 597028 500068 1999 1997 2000 12p 24p 9p -597082 Bharadwaj Gordon Shapiro Cespedes 2078 709434 2007 2008 10p 14p 2079 709501 McGovern Godes Ofek 504028 504009 2003 2003 19p 25p 504108 504082 5. Yield Management and Revenue Pricing Dhebar Brandenburger 190029 1989 13p 190192 Alternative: Priceline. com: Name Your Own Price Supplement 1: How To Reap Higher Profits with Dynamic Pricing (Sloan article) Supplement 2: Pricing and Market Making on the Internet (HBS note) Mars Inc. : Online Procurement (Ivey case) Dolan Sahay 500070 SMR254 2000 2007 12p 10p 501046 Dolan Moon 500065 2000 20p 6. Auctions and Online Procurement Bell 905E04 2005 6p 805E04 II. Rationale for selecting and sequencing the items in this module In Section 1 the Principles of Pricing note, based on the earlier Pricing: A Value-Based Approach (500071), conceptualizes pricing in terms of objective value, perceived value, and costs. It addresses in detail how to determine objective and perceived value, along with price sensitivity and price customization, before bringing the analysis back into the context of the other 3 P’s and the wider marketing strategy. In the Colonial Homes case, the company in question is presented with an unexpected increase in the cost of raw materials, and must decide how adjusting its price to cover at least some of the increase will affect customer demand and profits, or whether it would be less unprofitable to change suppliers. For students who are not yet familiar with the necessary mathematics, the suggested supplement Market Analysis Toolkit: Pricing and Profitability Analysis discusses how to draw a demand curve and calculate costs, optimal prices, and profit. In Section 2, Note on Behavioral Pricing extends some remarks at the end of Principles of Pricing concerning ethical and legal factors in pricing. It argues that businesses downplay considerations of fairness when pricing, and pay dearly for it. One cannot determine customer willingness to pay without attending to behavioral and psychological factors that seem to fall outside of a purely economic calculus. The Tweeter etc. and alternative Coca-Colas New Vending Machine cases exhibit the influence of behavioral factors in pricing and mispricing. The cases in Section 3 illustrate value-based pricing. In Atlantic Computer: A Bundle of Pricing Options, a high-end server manufacturer has developed a new server for the basic server market and a software tool that greatly improves its performance for particular applications. Students are asked to compare the prices derived from cost-plus, competitor-based, and status-quo pricing with that derived from the valuebased pricing model described in the Principles of Pricing note. The case closes by looking at the challenges of implementing value-based pricing, and more specifically, whether 1) the sales staff will be able to persuade customers to buy at the higher value-based price and 2) how the competition might react and respond. In the alternative case, Curled Metal Inc. —Engineered Product Division, a firm has invented a new product (curled metal pile driver pads). Production costs of each pad are higher than the current pad cost, but they last much longer and perform much better. How much of that improvement can Curled Metal capture for itself in pricing, and how can it use its choice of distribution channel and sales strategy to push the customers’ perceived price towards the objective price? For the two cases in Section 4, Virgin Mobile USA: Pricing for the Very First Time and XM Satellite Radio, pricing structure is as crucial as price itself. Virgin is entering a very crowded mobile telephone pace and has decided to target an underserved market, the young, many of whom have poor credit and uneven usage patterns. Before it can determine the optimal price, it must choose its pricing structure: buffet versus a la carte, prepaid versus postpaid, and whether it will employ the hidden fees and subsidies prevalent in the industry. Pricing structure, it recognizes, is harder to change than the price level, and it will be key to hitting its target market. With its rich market data, students are also asked to make break-even analyses, estimates of customer acquisition cost, and estimates of customer lifetime value. XM, too, is considering a novel pricing structure, passing on advertising revenues and relying solely on subscription fees. As with the Virgin case, price level presumes pricing structure, and pricing structure follows targeting and segmentation, all informed with market research data. However, the XM case includes other complications, for it will need to establish partnerships with leading electronics manufacturers to provide radio receivers, and thus must consider trading off part of the subscription income to subsidize the manufacturers and lower the entry price for potential customers. There is also a discussion of some dynamic pricing possibilities. Dynamic pricing is the focus of Section 5. American Airlines, Inc. : Revenue Management, an HBS classic, gives a simple but rigorous introduction to dynamic pricing and revenue management, as it was practiced by the airline industry in 1990, subsequent to the deregulation of 1978. Revenue management is composed of pricing and yield management, and students learn through quantitative assignments that the two must be done in tandem to maximize revenue. The alternative case, Priceline. com: Name Your Own Price, extends airline revenue management into the online era. Priceline builds an internet-pricing front for the airlines that allows them to shield their brands in a reverse-auction market-making mechanism. Its success encourages it to try to extend its innovation horizontally to other industries, none of which shares all of the characteristics that make its economic logic so applicable to airline travel. The case provides students the opportunity to think through how online markets, and, especially, the â€Å"name your own price† model, have different degrees of traction with different types of products, markets, and consumers, and what changes in pricing structure are necessary to make them work. The supplemental readings in Section 5 provide additional context for the cases. The article â€Å"How to Reap Prices with Dynamic Pricing† points out that, historically-speaking, fixed prices are an anomaly, and that with changes in technology and cultural attitudes, businesses can increase revenues and profits with dynamic pricing. It identifies the salient characteristics that make dynamic pricing possible and profitable. Furthermore, the note Pricing and Market Making on the Internet shows how the three different kinds of market-making mechanisms—set price, buyer/seller negotiation, and horizontal interaction—apply to the Internet, and when adopting a particular market mechanism can work to counteract the downward pressure on prices and margins often associated with e-commerce. The final case, Mars Inc. : Online Procurement, is an introduction to B2B auctions in Section 6. It asks students to construct a model that Mars might use to operate its online procurement auction, given its specific requirements, and to use Excel Solver to determine the winning bid. The HBSP simulation, Pricing Simulation: Universal Rental Car (#2093) is highly recommended as an integrative exercise, either to introduce or to cap off this module. Students are asked to manage a rental car operation and improve regional performance by developing a pricing strategy. The simulation covers many of the same principles of pricing covered in the notes and in the cases in this module: price elasticity, differences in demand across customer segments, competitive and macroeconomic factors, and pricing mathematics.

Photography and Context Essay Example

Photography and Context Essay Like all visual media and art works, we rely heavily on context to understand and appreciate photographs. Without context, we risk misinterpreting what we are looking at; we may under (or over) estimate its value or misunderstand the Intentions of the photographer that produced the Image. All photographic images contain contextual information that may be immediately obvious or may require Interpretation. Context may also be provided from the situation In which a photograph Is presented or found be, printed media, a gallery, TV etc. We can look at context in three different forms: internal, original and external Internal context refers to the subject matter of the Image and what Is Immediately obvious from looking at it. For example, a close-up, still life picture of an apple on a table requires no interpretation on behalf of the viewer (assuming he or she knows what an apple is) and carries no meaning beyond what Is obvious In the photograph. But as is pointed out in Criticizing Photographs, even a more complex and emotionally involving image such as an accident involving the death of a small child aeries Its own internal context and Is largely self-explanatory providing the viewer knows something about road traffic accidents and the significance of a blanket covering a body in the street. Original context refers to information (which may or may not be known) on the background of an Image and/or the Intentions of the photographer that produced It. We will write a custom essay sample on Photography and Context specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Photography and Context specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Photography and Context specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This may require an understanding of the mindset of the photographer and familiarity with their other work for example, knowing that photography was one of several mediums in which Andy Warhol worked and that he often manipulated hotplates for artistic effect. Understanding original context in some images may also require a wider understanding of art or photography. Criticizing Photography uses the example of Sherries Olivines copies of Walker Evans photographs the concept of which would be completely lost if the viewer was not aware that they actually were copies, photographed from an exhibition catalogue. As the book points out, even the title After Walker Evans might lead you to believe the collection was created simply in deference to the great thatch photographer rather than to make a point about retrieve acts. An understanding of the conventions of photography also reveals that though Walker OFF Evans Orlando pantographs are now no longer protected Day copyright laws, Levees copies of them are an intriguing situation which is adopted as a central theme of the collection. Even factual press photographs may benefit from an understanding of the circumstances in which they were taken. Criticizing Photography uses the example of the iconic photograph taken during the Vietnam war of a group of children running along a road towards the camera. The central subject is young girl, naked and crying with her arms outstretched. Such a traumatic image could have emerged from virtually any war in the thatch. However, with the benefit of background information e, original context we learn that the children have been attacked by mistake by an American plane and that the girl has torn her own clothes off to prevent napalm burning her skin. Though such information isnt required for us to understand the horror of what is shown in the photograph, it does provide us with context which affects our interpretation of what we are seeing. External context can be derived from the situation in which photographs are viewed. An obvious example of this would be an image hung in an art gallery which we would probably be more ready to identify as art than a picture in a newspaper which we would see as factual. As Criticizing Photography points out: every photograph has an external context whether this happens intentionally or accidentally and that our appreciation of an image is colored by the situation in which we view it. This is even true of photographs appearing in similar but different media. For example, we are more likely to accept the truthfulness of an image that appears on the front page of The Times than we are on The Daily Star. Similarly. We are also more likely to accept a photograph as a genuine work of art if it is found hanging in major international gallery than we would if it was entered at a local photographic competition. Criticizing Photography uses the example of a photograph taken by Robert Doziness in a French cafe © in 1953. Because it was sold by his agent to several different organizations, this same image was used to illustrate French cafe © life, to warn against he evils of alcohol and to accompany an article on the problem of prostitution in Paris. This provides us with a graphic illustration of how external context affects how we interpret images. Conclusion What arises from this discussion is the cameras ability to take virtually any image out of its original context and create a new context for it. The simple act of deciding what to Include In ten Trade Ana want to leave out Ana when to clock ten saunter effectively removes an image from its original position in space and time and places it in a new context that we, as viewers, are left to interpret.

The UK Banking Practice that led to financial crisis

The UK Banking Practice that led to financial crisis Introduction The issue of the global crisis is of great importance to business management and aspects of finance in any country. Crisis of the magnitude that was experienced is a real threat to the economy of any country and it is imperative for people to learn as much as they can to avoid the circumstance that lead to the crisis.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The UK Banking Practice that led to financial crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In The UK the financial crisis was less hard hitting than it was in the USA. The crisis is attributed to the mortgage business and chiefly to the lending services of banks. The culprit was banking practices that were not adequately regulated and not well adapted to changes. As a result, when the problems started arising it was too late to make any real changes. The government has tried its best to cushion the economy and has been successful in getting things back to normal little by little. It is only when the banking problems that led to the crisis are understood that measures against such a future problem can be anticipated and prevented. In the UK the crisis affected businesses as well as individuals. With a sluggish economy many consumers felt the pinch in spending and as a result, the economy suffered even more as spending became limited. Organizational context The research will be carried out in the organizational context of policies that govern the banking industry. This will reveal more directly the role that banks play and examine whether the policies facilitated in creation of the crisis. When the crisis was a phenomenon of banks in general it follows that there are certain characteristics of their practices that lent themselves to the crisis. Literature review According to Demirguc-Kunt and Detragiache (2002), one of the most important factors in banking is deposit insurance. Deposit insurance provides security in financial circles and enable economic crisis to e handled in ways that are not debilitating to the country. Demirguc-Kunt and Detragiache (2002), examined evidence taken from sixty-one banks between 1980 and 1997. Demirguc-Kunt and Detragiache (2002), found that for bank stability deposit insurance is necessary. These insurances are especially helpful in circumstances where there exists little regulation of interest rates. Additionally if the institutional environment is not strong, the insurance serves to create stability.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the case of UK crisis, the banking practices did not require explicit insurance that was relational to the risk taken. As a result the risks far outweighed the insurance. Even with the insurance compensation, the banks fell short of the amounts they needed to recoup. Goodhart (2008) offers the basic reasons why the cris is happened. What was reported in the USA had similarities with what was going on in the UK. Goodhart (2008) states the main reasons behind the crisis was mortgage backed securities, seemingly surpluses in global savings and macrostability (Goodhart 2008). As a result the market was overconfident and investments were not carefully construed. The UK drive to the crisis was the credit crunch. The credit crunch however was itself a direct result of the defaults in mortgage repayment and falling prices for the houses (Goodhart 2008). In addition, investor confidence was shaken and many tried to make withdrawals form banks and even long term securities. According to LaBrosse (2008), one of the reasons that the UK authorities decide to review the financial safety net was because of the crisis witness in the Nothern Rck Plc. The crisis revealed major failings in provision of adequate financial safety in cases of need. According to LaBrosse, the UK authorities responded by issuing recommend ations for the protection of depositors and in addition they suggested some reforms to the banking practices. According to LaBrosse (2008), one of the reasons for the crisis was due to no mandated regulators to minimize risk. This led to banks taking aggressive risks which did put the depositors’ accounts into risk. These choices were made without the appreciation of the long-term consequences of such risks. The taxpayers have also been furnished with little awareness and as a result they wee not able to make financially sound decisions. One of the consequences was that as soon as many realized the financial difficulties of financial institutions, they went ahead to withdraw their money from banks and other institutions. As a result, financial institutions were pushed towards bankrupts. In order to deal with the problem, one of the recommendations by UK authorities is for the use of a financial agency that is independent and which will work to minimize risk (Lacrosse 2008). T he FSCS can then liaise with parliament to come up with effective means of protecting depositors and tax payers. Public awareness would also be increased to avoid panic among depositors and increase sound judgment.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The UK Banking Practice that led to financial crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mcllroy (2008), also found that the reason for the crisis was the lack of sufficient trigger mechanisms in the financial sector. Had the triggers been in palace, the safety systems would have been able to respond in a timely manner and avoid further threats to the economy. According to Mcllroy (2008), to fully ensure financial stability the system lacked sufficient credible approach. Such an approach is important in order to regulate standards, supervision and management of smaller institutions so that they do not affect the entire system. However failure to have these support in pace aggravated the financial problems and instigated the crisis. Additionally Mcllroy (2008), states that due to the taxation procedures institutions that were taking excessive risks did not pay more taxes for their insurance. Had they paid more there would have been an easier way to recover losses for banks. Crick (1927) discussed the various ways in which banks manage their reserves. As they get investment, banks also lend money out. However they retain a certain amount so that their clients can also make withdrawals. It is the balance between the money lent and the money available for withdrawal that banks need to balance to ensure smooth running of their institutions. This is what is known as fractional reserve banking. This was one of the critical mistakes that banks in the UK made. They took too much risk and minimized their reserve. This in turn affected the mortgage sector. It is this practice that led to seeming surplus of cash in the world and the subsequent crisis. Shin (2009) explains the cause of the financial crisis to have had its origins in the Rock’s Bank depositor run. This had a negative effect on other banks with investor confidence shaken. The main cause of the Rock Bank problem was as a result of dependency on short term investment it took with investment institutions Lastra (2008) agrees with the effect that Bock bank had and the subsequent response of investor. According to Lastra (2008), bank regulations played a big part in the progression of the crisis. If there had been sufficient measures to aid the banks which were undergoing distress the crisis might not have progressed at the rate or extent that it did. According to Bicksler (2008), two factors have been proposed as the causes of the crisis and in particular the sub prime mortgage problems. One of this of the reasons has been given as inappropriate incentives that were geared towards securitization. The second reason given has been that there was mismanagement of informa tion whereby financial institutions, investment securitizes and investors did not have adequate information to sufficiently balance the flow of money in the mortgage sector.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Haubrich and Thomson (2008) state that due to the collective role that banks play in the financial industry it is by umbrella regulation that crisis can be effectively evaded. Accordingly having the government as part of the regulating team is beneficial so that there is more cohesion in regulatory measures. According to Bicksler (2008), a study into the issue has given evidence that indeed the securitization caused significant risks to be taken when determining the mortgages to approve. As a result greater risks were taken. In due course because of lack of sufficient management of risk there were more cases of default. Bicksler cites studies conducted that indicated that mortgages were given to increasingly less income applicants and with the loans came higher cases of default than would have occurred of the approval had not been lowered. In addition Bicksler states that loan borrowers were often not aware of the transactional cost and interest rates and as a result, they made deci sions that were too taxing increasing default rates. Bicksler (2008) examined studies that have been done regarding homeowners and found that indeed many of them were not sufficiently informed about the taxes, fees and interests that their purchases would accrue. According to Bicksler (2008), economics attribute much of the financial crisis in the mortgage sector to the homebuyers’ financial illiteracy. Another important contribution to banking practices and the crisis is what Schwartz and Seabrooke (2008) regarded as relationship between the political and economic realities with finances. According to Schwartz and Seabrooke (2008), there exists a strong relationship between the financial institutions and politics. As a result, banking financial institutions can be influenced by the politics of the land and negatively affect their activities or practices. Additionally, the UK insurance which is mostly managed by government is not as effective as those run by private sector. T his is because negative impact in the deposits is higher government run schemes. One of the points that Schwartz and Seabrooke (2008) make is that housing finance which is mostly conducted by banks has ballot box implications. As a result politicians are not always quick to respond to the situation and downplay the extent of the crisis for political reasons. The crisis was an indicator of problems that the UK authorities would want to deal with before losing public confidence. The public reaction is also tied in with preference for interest taxes, taxation and spending. The banking system which ought to be more accountable relied on the government to cushion their losses. However, it is important for banks to have independent overseers who can be expected to be neutral and respond to financial issues with the investors’ interest. Schwartz and Seabrooke (2008) argue that in an economy where there are housing ownership inequalities, many people take advantage of additional mean to get loans so that they can escape taxes or defer their loan payments. This presented problems to banking systems which require the repayments for their running. As Schwartz and Seabrooke (2008) found out some of the people who acquired new mortgage loans were purchasing second homes or refinancing. There was therefore a financial burden placed on banks leading to the financial crisis. Honohan and Klingebiel (2003) support Schwartz and Seabrooke (2008) in stating that banking lending and repayment is a delicate procedure. Honohan and Klingebiel (2003) states that all economies that face crisis find that they need to drastically reform their banking system. This underscores the importance of banking systems to the stability of a country’s financial stability. In the face of a crisis like the one in UK, banking practices did not rise up to the occasion as they required accommodating policies. These policies are inclusive of limited recapitalization, government bail out, open -ended liquidity support and blanket deposit guarantees. These measures spread over to several banks led to fiscal cut backs. As government spending was limited the effect was further passed to tax payers leading to aggravation of the financial crisis. The Office for National Statistics (2010) has released correction notice that is mean to serve as an indicator of measures that will be used in future to generate intervention to prevent crisis. This is because the government realized that early intervention is critical to containing the effects of financial instabilities. The bank sector for example is one in which information to users can greatly enhance their knowledge of changing economic situations. This can help people to make better decisions and be aware of the trends. Sample The sample will consist of several banks in different towns and of different sizes. The sample will be selected randomly to ensure that different types of banks are represented. The sample will consist of Mortgage loans data from banks and lending repayment. In addition it will include the policies regarding mortgage loans. Methods The method to be used will be data from banks and economic statistics. The survey will examine banks policies in issuing mortgage loans, interest rates and rates of defaulting. Constrains, limitation and ethical issues One of the constrains of the research is that it cannot cover all the areas that would be poignant to the study. Financial situations are affected by more than just one factor. As a result, interdependent factors should be examined to ascertain the proper conclusions are reached. A limitation for the study will be finances. In order to undertake a good research the research would require a lot of finances to study as many banks as possible. In addition, a study of government and its financial policies would enrich the study and make it comprehensive. Limitation of time will also be experienced. With a limited time frame the study can not be as broad as it could be. The sample will have to be representative of other banks. One of the ethical issues will be confidentiality. Since the financial transactions of bank customers are supposed to be confidential and private, the study will need to come up with a way of ensuring that personal information is excluded from the study. Personal or identifying data will be exempted form the study. Another ethical issue will be maintaining confidentiality of bank information. Banks also have information that they like to keep private. The study will ensure that all confidential materials are kept confidential. The research will provide confidential agreements so that those they deal with can be assured of their privacy and confidentiality. References Bicksler, J., (2008) The sub prime mortgage debacle and its and its linkages to corporate governance. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 5 (4), pp. 295-300. Crick, W. F., (1927) The genesis of bank deposits. Economica, 7 (20), pp.191–202. Demirguc-kunt, A. and Detragiache, S., (20020 Does deposit insurance increase banking system stability? An empirical investigation. Journal of Monetary Economics, 47 (7), pp 1373-1406 Goodhart, C. A., (2008) The background to the 2007 financial crisis. International  Economics and Economic Policy, 4(4), pp. 331-346. Haubrich, J. G. and Thomson, J. B., (2008) Umbrella supervision and the role of the central bank. Journal of Banking Regulation, 10 (1), pp. 17-27. Honohan, P. and Klingebiel, D., (2003) The fiscal cost implications of an accommodating approach to banking crises. Journal of Banking and Finance, 27 (8), pp 1539–1560. LaBrosse, J. R., (2008) Time to fix the plumbing: Improving the UK framework following the collapse f Northern Rock. Journal of Banking Regulation, 9 (4), pp 293-301. Lastra, R. M., (2008) Nort Rock UK Bank insolvency and cross-border bank insolvency.  Journal of Banking Regulation, 9 (3), pp.165–186. Mcllroy, D. H. , (2008) Regulating risk: a risk measured response to the banking crisis.  Journal of Banking Regulation, 9 (4), pp. 284-292. Office for National Statistics., (2010) Financial crisis and recession: How ONS has addressed the statistical and analytical challenges. Economic and Labor Market Review, 4 (1), pp. 30-35. 10. Schwartz, H. and  Seabrooke, L., (2008) varieties of residential capitalism in the international political economy: old welfare states and the new politics of housing. Comparative European Politics, 6 (3), pp. 237–261. Shin, H. S.,(2009) Reflections on Northern Rock: the bank run that heralded the global financial crisis. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23 (1), pp. 101–119.

Management of information technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Management of information technology - Essay Example in this hostile environment and to cope with such dynamic environment brought by information technology, it is extremely important to keep pace with management, technological and organizational issues concerned with the development and use of information systems. There are massive issues in this field and they need to be thoroughly evaluated in order to reap maximum benefits. This report explores the management and other issues related with information technology in the leading bank of Middle East, Eskan bank. Eskan bank has a huge customer base and it has been consistently expanding for the past few years. With increased competition from the rival banks entering the market and with consumers demanding a wider range of financial services, the bank was looking for ways to exploit the available technology to sustain its lead. It took a major shift in its direction and invested in information technology and acquired a core banking solution for its banking operations from a well-renowned software service provider Misys. Information Systems Strategic Planning (ISSP) refers to the â€Å"activities directed toward (1) recognizing organizational opportunities for using information technology, (2) determining the resource requirements to exploit these opportunities, (3) and developing strategies and action plans for realizing these opportunities and for meeting the resource needs† (Boynton and Smud, 1987, p.59). Strategic planning is a top level management activity and it requires absolute commitment from those positioned at the higher level of organizational hierarchy. The strategic plan charters the mission, short term and long term plans of the organization. The need for improved information systems project planning has been obvious because the cost of information system has risen rapidly and it’s approximately forty percent of the total expenses in some organizations (Hoffer, George and Valacich 2002, p. 141) As the Eskan bank was embroiled in a competitive

Postmodernity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Postmodernity - Essay Example Talk about religion, culture, art and even technology and you are certainly confronted with both fundamentalists and a new wave of thinkers who will normally feel that postmodernism should be the accepted way of life (Anderson 2003). Well, it then begs the analysis of the whole concept of postmodernism to clearly see its true connotation and to draw lines between the term and the conventional modernism. Modernism, contrary to popular knowledge, has been in existence since somewhere in the late 17th or early 18th centuries (Chan, 2008). It is a period that radically transformed all manner of life in science, art, religion, culture etc. The ideas and thoughts propounded by postmodernists are normally subjects of much analysis. This arises out of the true nature of postmodernism. It has normally been seen that postmodernists are driven by that ultimate opposition and antipathy towards modernism. Whatever is conventional in the mindset of the modernist is therefore what the postmodernist seeks to prove wrong and nullify as old and traditional (Deely, 2001). A more recent trend seen is where postmodern fundamentalists have been constantly attacking and questioning some of the most celebrated knowledge in academic and professional realms (Eagleton, 2000). As a very special characteristic, postmodernism fundamentally relies on the voice of reason and the ability to inspire change through the avoidance of the bandwagon effect where humanity simply borrow from their past without much thought or ability to think and analyze what is good for them. With modernism, humanity evidenced the development of the Enlightenment era in which reason was used to establish fundamental truths about the world (Docherty, 2003). These truths have gradually been developed and have guided life for the past few centuries. Well, it has to be realized that postmoderns are normally against such guiding principles. To them, the concepts of morality and ethics, which are normally considered univer sal, are merely subjects of personal and subjective decision. In several instances, it can be seen that postmodernity tries to bridge the gap that is normally left with the flaws of modernism. In a critical perspective, postmodernism is not simply a way of life. On the contrary, the word is simply meant to address a wide range of social, economic, cultural and political changes that have lately inundated the world. It is the modernistic way of life supplemented with modern technology, globalization, individualism, feminism and multiculturalism (Gidders, 1999). On the cultural perspective, the move towards ethnic pluralism and relativism has made people to nostalgically think about their past cultures and what has been lost over time. Indeed much has been lost. On the social scale, the digital age has made the flow of information across the world as easy as possible. This has radically transformed lifestyles across many areas as new ways of life are adopted. Postmodernity encompasses that timeframe between the early 1980s to the present. It is a period that saw the emergence of a new economy-the postindustrial, which effectively replaced the earlier forms of life like aristocracy, working class and middle class (Zygmunt, 2000). Much of this era is however defined by the emergence of

Sexual Harassment Paper Essay Example for Free

Sexual Harassment Paper Essay Define sexual harassment as the term is used legally. â€Å"Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that tends to create a hostile or offensive work environment.† (sexual harassment. (n.d.) Wests Encyclopedia of American Law, edition 2. (2008). Sexual harassment comes in several different forms from words to touching to gestures something that is present from one person to another person sexually that is not wanted by the other person. This normally makes one person feel uncomfortable in the workplace causing an employee to not feel comfortable at work which all employees have the right to feel comfortable and safe in the workplace. Explain how sexual harassment differs from gender discrimination. Sexual harassment is the act of sexual advances from one person or group of people to another person or group of people whereas gender discrimination is when a person is not afforded the same opportunities as another solely based on the gender male or female. Gender discrimination is unlawful and protected under the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, â€Å"It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer -(1) to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual’s race, color, religion, sex, or national origin; or† (Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 SEC. 2000e-2. [Section 703]) Provide the legal definition of quid pro quo (also known as vicarious liability) sexual harassment. Provide one example of a behavior which could be found to be quid pro quo sexual harassment. According to The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, â€Å"EEOCs Guidelines define two kinds of sexual harassment: quid pro quo, in which submission to or rejection of [unwelcome sexual] conduct by an individual is used as the basis for employment decisions affecting such individual,( The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission N-915.048 1/12/90) An example of this would be when a person sexually harassment another employee but the employee that is  receiving the sexual harassment does not do anything about it when they allow this to happen where as another employee would not allow and this employee is then promoted to a better position due to allowing the sexual harassment to go on this person was granted special rewards for allowing the sexual harassment or even acting on the sexual harassment to be promoted, this can also work the opposite way as well say the employee that was sexually harassed file a complaint confronts the person doing the sexual harassment then this person is not promoted or given a raise that is due based on them not allowing the sexual harassment to continue. Provide the legal definition of hostile environment sexual harassment. Provide one example of a behavior which could be found to be hostile environment sexual harassment. The 2nd kind of sexual harassment defines by The U.S. Equal Employment Op portunity Commission is hostile environment, in which unwelcome sexual conduct unreasonably interfer[es] with an individuals job performance or creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive working environment. ,( The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission N-915.048 1/12/90) In the hostile environment the person receiving the sexual harassment feels they must allow this to continue and/or comply with the sexual requests all to keep the job they have and/or to continue to receive raises and promotions, even though the employee does not want to do this they have the feeling of pressure and fell they have no other options. List the factors which contribute to a determination of whether behavior is sexual harassment. 1.The victimized employee alleging sexual harassment must be a member of a protected class—that is, a man or a woman. 2.The complaint must be gender related—for example, a female must assert that there would have been no harassment if she were not a woman. 3.The employee must not have consented to the sexual advances or participated in the hostile work environment. 4.The harassment must be based on sex. 5.The conduct complained of must have had a deleterious effect on the employee’s job. 6.The harassment must have occurred during the scope of employment. (Moran 2011 pg 276.). The 1st factors is speaks to the person needs to be in a protected the class the protected classes are man and woman. The 2nd factor needs to show that gender played a factor had the person not been that gender then it would not of been sexual. The 3rd needs to show that the person receiving the ha rassment did not agree to the sexual harassment. The 4th needs to show  that the harassment is sexual in nature. The 5th needs to show that sexual harassment affected the insured job in some way. The 6th will need to show that sexual harassment took play while the insured was employed with the employer. Explain what situations are considered severe or pervasive and why these terms are important. â€Å"se†¢vere adjective \sÉ™-ˈvir\: very bad, serious, or unpleasant : causing a lot of physical pain or suffering : very harsh† (Severe. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster.com) â€Å"per†¢va†¢sive adjective \pÉ™r-ˈvÄ -siv, -ziv\ : existing in every part of something : spreading to all parts of something† (Pervasive. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster.com) Some situations that are considered severe and pervasive are touching, joking, commenting, distribution of sexual materials, (Moran 2011) when the items are not warranted and it is asked to stop†¦. Both of these terms are important together to make the determination if the situation meets the minimum to be determined as sexual harassment. Give the main legal reason why every company should have a valid written policy against sexual harassment (besides the fact it is the right thing to do.) The main legal reason is so that it is clearly spelled out in black and white for all employees to see so that at no point can anyone ever say they were not aware of the policy or the rules that guide this policy. The employer needs to put all the steps clearly stated as it rest for the employer to make all attempts that this does not happen. Case Analysis: I have chosen case BURLINGTON INDUSTRIES, INC. v. ELLERTH to discuss here. The facts: Kimberly Ellerth was an employee at Burlington Industries where she was employed for 15 months as a salesperson. Ted Slowik was a mid-level manager over Ellerth with authority to hire and promote with approval from high management. Ellerth alleges that Slowik subjected her to sexual harassment with repeated boorish and offensive remarks with remarks as threats towards less advancement. Ellerth had never reported any incidents prior to filing suit and did receive 1 promotion during her employment as Burlington. The issue: The issues are since it was never reported can Burlington be held liable for something they were not aware of and could Ellerth claim be categorized as quid pro quo harassment and should a claim he vicarious liability or negligence. The decision: It was determined that Ellerth has only a hostile work environment claim as the threats from Slowik were never carried out. An employer is negligent, and therefore subject to liability under  §219(2)(b), if it knew or should have known about sexual harassment and failed to stop it. Negligence sets a minimum standard for Title VII liability; but Ellerth seeks to invoke the more stringent standard of vicarious liability. Section 219(2)(d) makes an employer vicariously liable for sexual harassment by an employee who uses apparent authority (the apparent authority standard), or who was â€Å"aided in accomplishing the tort by the existence of the agency relation† (the aided in the agency relation standard). Given the Court’s explanation that the labels quid pro quo and hostile work environment are not controlling for employer-liability purposes, Ellerth should have an adequate opportunity on remand to prove she has a claim which would result in vicarious liability. Althou gh she has not alleged she suffered a tangible employment action at Slowik’s hands, which would deprive Burlington of the affirmative defense, this is not dispositive. In light of the Court’s decision, Burlington is still subject to vicarious liability for Slowik’s activity, but should have an opportunity to assert and prove the affirmative defense. I {agree or disagree} with the court’s decision because†¦ I agree with the court’s decision due to Ellerth not reporting the incidents. I also agree since no actions were taken by Slowik on the threats made but since I Slowik was n a position of management over others Burlinton does have some responsibility for placing this person in a position of authority. Appendix A good sexual harassment policy will include the following sections, and I have also explained why those sections should be included. A good sexual harassment policy should include the following Statement that shows the employer is trying to combat and prevent sexual harassment from happing in the work place. An explanation of sexual harassment, outline some issues, use explanations, try to paint a clear picture what is wrong. Outline the Employers Responsibilities under This Policy make it clear what the employer will due when this brought up including termination. Outline the steps/process to include mediation, grievances, EEO processes and who can be notified of this issue also list some people in upper management so an employee does not feel they have to tell local management if it involves local management. Demonstrate that it is the employee’s responsibility to reports these event even if they don’t involve them. Provide additional resources regarding sexual harassment and work to reiterate that all actions taken within this policy are confidential. References sexual harassment. (n.d.) Wests Encyclopedia of American Law, edition 2. (2008). Retrieved February 16 2014 from http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sexual+harassment Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Retrieved February 16 2014 from http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/titlevii.cfm The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission N-915.048 1/12/90) Retrieved February 6 2014 from http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/sexualfavor.html The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission N-915.048 1/12/90) Retrieved February 6 2014 from http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/sexualfavor.html Employment Law for DeVry University [VitalSouce bookshelf version]. Retrieved from http://devry.vitalsource.com/books/9781256431671/id/ch11lev1sec1 Severe. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved February 16, 2014, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/severe Pervasive. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved February 16, 2014, from http://www.merria m-webster.com/dictionary/pervasive

Jumping Off a Cliff Essays -- Personal Narrative, Essay About Myself

Jumping Off a Cliff As I inched my way toward the cliff, my legs were shaking uncontrollably. I could feel the coldness of the rock beneath my feet when my toes curled around the edge in one last futile attempt at survival. My heart was racing like a trapped bird, desperate to escape. Gazing down the sheer drop, I nearly fainted; my entire life flashed before my eyes. I could hear stones breaking free and fiercely tumbling down the hillside, plummeting into the dark abyss of the forbidding black water. The trees began to rapidly close in around me in a suffocating clench, and the piercing screams from my friends did little to ease the pain. The cool breeze felt like needles upon my bare skin, leaving a trail of goose bumps. The threatening mountains surrounding me seemed to grow more sinister with each passing moment, I felt myself fighting for air. The hot summer sun began to blacken while misty clouds loomed overhead. Trembling with anxiety, I shut my eyes, murmuring one last pathetic prayer. I gather ed my last breath, hoping it would last a lifetime, took a step back and plun...

Global Communication: Book Report

Book Report Global Communication (By: Yahya R. Kamalipour) Publisher: Thomson Wadsworth Year of Publication: 2007 Book Report Written By: Husain Ebrahim / Department of Mass Communication at Grambling State University. The author of the Global Communication book is Yahya Kamalipour a professor of mass communication and head of the department of communication and creative arts at Purdue University. His research interests are about topics related to global communications such as, international communications, globalization, new communication technologies, and media impact.In this book, the author collected researches that are related to the global communication topic from 14 different researcher, and developed this Global Communication book. According to Kamalipour that the international communications were there since the nations were funded and connection between people started. However, communication styles and tools are changing and improving. In addition, international communicati on did not cause any conflict between nations until it starts to influence cultures, change believes, and opinions.Furthermore, the writer discusses the global communication as a component of the term globalization that predicted by Marshall McLuhan in the 1960s. Although, there are several components for globalization: economic, politics, culture, social, and communication, but communication is the most notable aspect. Moreover, Kamalipour claims that global communication is still a growing field that fits under most of the humanity sciences as, mass communication, international relations, politics, economics, social science, managements, and public administrations.Further, the area of global communication is growing rapidly and needs to be investigated more because the significant role it plays in solving conflicts between nations. The book theme started discussing the definition of the globalization term to reach an agreement on the role of communication. After the author produce a historical view of global communication, and how it developed, added to the theories that supported the global communication.Next, the book emphasis the role that the economy played in changing the way of communicating, and the governmental regulations on the global communications. In addition, Kamalipour explained the changes that came with the emerge of new communication technologies, specifically the internet. Then the author moved to clarify the impact and the way that the communications changes others cultures through the information flow. Finally, the book addresses the impact and influence of the media on changing cultures specially politics by using propaganda or advertisement.Chapter 1: Following the Historical Path of Global Communication: Allen Plamer who mentioned the background of the global communication studies, and explained the different stages of improving the networks of global communication conducted this chapter. The author started this chapter by explaining the role of the geographical space on communication and how it used to be a barrier. Additionally, global communication started since the pharaonic civilization expanded its rule to reach south Europe, North and South Africa, and a part of Asia; hence, the geographical space was the reason of the need of global communication.Moreover, preaching and religious activities also increased need of communicating with other cultures. Later, the printing press and knowledge explosion era has solved an enormous problem that was facing the intercultural communicators, added to the new communication scientists who developed the international network in the 19th century. Chapter 2: Drawing a Bead on Global Communication Theories: Kamalipour has used the research that John Downing conducted in collecting the mass communication theories that contributed in explaining the global communication.Downing has just used the normative theories as an only example of theories for the global communication. A fter, the author briefly explains the differences between the authoritarian, libertarian theories and comparing the way that the soviets used to communicate globally as an example. Chapter 3: Global Economy and Global Telecommunications Networks: In this chapter, Harmeet Sawheny wrote the history of the relation between the global economy and global communication starting from the 13th century, or what he named as the pre-modern world when people used to trade spices and silk.In addition, in that era, there were imperialism, and many powerful nations in Asia and Europe were created in the same time. Hence, those nations used to communicate to influence and change cultures or to trade goods. According to Sawheny later in the 19th century, the modern world occurred, and it was known as the electronic imperialism era. To this end, the global media flow to through over the nations and issued several networks of telecommunications to find new markets.Chapter 4: The Transnational Media Co rporation and the Economics: Kamalipour adopted this chapter from a research was conducted by Richard Gershon a professor in the information management and telecommunications. Gershon in his research illuminates the reason of globalizing the media corporations, which he claims that the main reason is finding new market with a larger volume of audiences. Moreover, the new idea of free market trade also encouraged the media corporations to expand its distribution and go globally.For example, the transitional media corporations, which means one company, expand its production to different media content such as, magazine, press, cable T. V. , websites, books, and entertainments rather than just producing one media. Afterward, the writer suggests some elements that can help media corporations to develop strategies that would make the steps globalize their products easier and faster. Chapter 5: Global Communication Law: After discussing the economic role and its global trend, Kamalipour ad ded this chapter to explain the regulations of global communications.This part of the book was a part of a research that was accomplished by John Huffman, Denise Trauth, and Jan Samoriski. The researchers illustrated the differences between cultures, which would be a reason of a conflict between cultures. Therefore, laws and regulations were created to reduce the conflict between cultures, and to increase the level of respect to other cultures in the media content. Furthermore, authors’ argument was that because of the cultural differences it is hard to accept a law that all global media would accept.Additionally, they studied the new history of global media laws such as, the role of freedom of expression, the right of silence, and the way of censorships and limitations. In fact, they wrote about examples of media censorships and limitations in the United States and other parts of the world. Finally, the chapter ended with mentioning the role of new communication technologies in changing the global communication laws, and the internet was their example.Chapter 6: Global News and Information Flow in the Internet Age: The author of this chapter was Kuldip Rampal who started the chapter by citing the history of media agencies and the role it played in the global information flow. After, Rampal mentioned the current role of those major news agencies in the information age that we are living in today. Further, Rampal named explained how do major news agencies such as, France Press, Associated Press, ITAR-TASS and Interfax, Reuters, and United Press serve all media in the globe. Chapter 7: International Broadcasting:Afterward Kamalipour presented Joseph Straubhaar and Douglas Boyd research about international broadcasting. This chapter studied the reason that encouraged the media to broadcast and distribute in the global market. In addition, authors lighted some main events that raised the need of global communications such as, wars between nations, economics , politics, propaganda, and religious. As an example of international broadcasting, the authors named: Voice of America, BBC, Arab-American Oil Company, U. S. Military, CNN, Orbit, and Sky News.Finally the authors studied the history of propaganda, and they argument was that propaganda was the main factor of international broadcasting. Chapter 8: The Global Implication of the Internet: Challenges and Prospects: George Barnett and Devan Rosen in this chapter studied the internet and its role in human civilization. First, chapter starts by claiming that the reason of the great success of the internet is the two-way of communication that it features. Second, the social network was given as an example of the internet success.Lastly, authors illustrated internet through showing the structure of its networks, and the technical idea of building networks. Chapter 9: Milestone in Communication and National Development: In this chapter, Vibert Cambridge discusses the idea and the need of deve loping communications abilities for all societies, his argument is the gap of media power between cultures could cause a conflict. Moreover, he started explaining his point of view through using the example of using the media as a powerful weapon in World War II.Further, Cambridge stated some examples of efforts that have been made to develop communication abilities in number of countries: USA, Turkmenistan, Eritrea, and the Caribbean Community. Additionally, he encourages the UNICEF efforts of helping some countries to develop their communication abilities. Finally, to develop communication abilities, the author suggested some strategies: public awareness campaigns, social marketing, entertainment education, and advocacy. Chapter 10: The Politics of Global Communication:The politics of global communication was adopted from a research was done by Cees Hamelink, who wrote the history politic global communication that started in the 19th century. Next, the author addresses the current practices of politics in global communications by giving some examples of financial issues, property rights, and mass media ownership. Chapter 11: Global Communication and Propaganda: Kamalipour retrieved the relationship between propaganda and the global communication from Richard Vincent research, who marked the origins of propaganda in the 17th century.After, the author discussed the propaganda definition and its connections with public relations and public diplomacy. Moreover, the chapter provides readers with some example of propaganda in war times. In addition, the Vincent mentioned the strategies of propaganda campaigns, which are labeling the idea, associating the issue or image with a noble term, image transfer, persuading the audience that their idea should be the same as others, and using facts to convince others. Lastly, the author discussed the use of propaganda in terrorism as an example.Chapter 12: Global Advertising and Public Relations: Later Kamalipour, used Dean Kruckeberg and Marina Vujnovic article as a source for this chapter of his book. Researchers start point in this chapter was their agreement of the role of public relations in reducing the gap between the organization and its public. Hence, they briefly discussed the history of public relations and its western origins. Moreover, authors discussed the culture differences that influence the public relations practices and advertisements.For instance, dealing with democratic culture societies is easier than authoritarian societies. In addition, the chapter covers the part culture features that cause changes in the global advertising and public relations such as, environmental challenges, population growth, poverty and hunger, and wars. Further, authors briefly discussed those differences and the role of information gap between among the first, second, and third worlds. Chapter 13: Communication and Culture: Christine Ogan in this chapter define the culture as a group of people who share the same understanding of life.However, culture used to change slowly, but in the recent global communication era, it is much easier to make significant cultural changes in a society. In fact, the author blames the western culture to be the most influential culture in the world because the strength of their media. Additionally, there are some cultures that adopt the change easily, and others resist the change. Moreover, global communication contributed in finding the term of stereotype; for example, the world view of America as a pop culture.Chapter 14: Patterns in Global Communication: Prospects and Concerns: Finally, Kamalipour conclude his Global Communication book with a chapter that was written by Leo Gher. This chapter includes examples of current global communication industry that are used around the world such as, the global satellite system, and global internet services. Additionally, Gher points that some of the concerns of global communications are the privacy and inform ation conflict, and trend of having one large culture in the world with vanishing other cultures.Global Communication is the second edition of the book; therefore, it has been enhanced and added some updates about some significant events such as, the role of 9/11 terrorist attacks on international communication, internet and its global impact on communications, and suggested readings in that area. Even though, the book was loaded with a broad contents and issues of global communications that were written in about 355 pages, it was well organized under 14 chapters.Moreover, reader can touch the high skill writing abilities that Kamalipour has, from the way that the book content flows between the topics, and the basic English that he used to help all readers to understand and enjoy the content. Further, chapters were divided separately so the reader can easily reach the information that he is looking for without the need of looking in the exact orders of chapters. According to Kamalip our, the intended audiences of this book are researchers, journalists, international agencies, enterprises, and students.However, my criticism about the book is that it has so many repeated parts of chapters; for example, propaganda that was discussed in two different chapters added, to the repetition of same ideas about the cultural impact and change in many chapters. Therefore, I think the book serves the audiences who are looking for a part of the content, but not for students who will read and study all over the book. References Kamalipour, Y. (2007). Global communication. (2nd ed. ). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.

Maths 2012 Paper - 1470 Words

Write your name here Surname Other names Centre Number Candidate Number Edexcel GCSE Mathematics A Paper 2 (Calculator) Higher Tier Thursday 8 November 2012 – Afternoon Time: 1 hour 45 minutes Paper Reference 1MA0/2H You must have: Ruler graduated in centimetres and millimetres, protractor, pair of compasses, pen, HB pencil, eraser, calculator. Tracing paper may be used. Total Marks Instructions Use black ink or ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name, centre number and candidate number. Answer all questions. Answer the questions in the spaces provided – there may be more space than you need. Calculators may be used. If your calculator does not have a ÊÅ' button,†¦show more content†¦........................................................................................... (2) (b) –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x Write down the inequality shown in the diagram. .............................................. (2) (c) Solve 3y – 2 5 .............................................. (2) (Total for Question 8 is 6 marks) 10 *P40675A01028* 9 The stem and leaf diagram gives information about the numbers of tomatoes on 31 tomato plants. 0 8 8 9 1 1 1 5 5 2 1 2 2 6 7 8 3 0 2 5 5 7 9 4 2 2 3 5 8 8 5 1 1 3 4 7 8 Key: 5 | 7 = 57 tomatoes (a) Work out the median. .............................................. (1) (b) Work out the interquartile range. .............................................. (2) (Total for Question 9 is 3 marks) *P40675A01128* 11 Turn over *10 In the UK, petrol cost  £1.24 per litre. In the USA, petrol cost 3.15 dollars per US gallon. 1 US gallon = 3.79 litres  £1 = 1.47 dollars Was petrol cheaper in the UK or in the USA? (Total for Question 10 is 4 marks) 12 *P40675A01228* 11 The diagram shows a cube and a cuboid. Diagram NOT accurately drawn x 2 x x x 5 All the measurements are in cm. The volume of the cube is 100 cm3 more than the volume of the cuboid. 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